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Because the US is basically a two party system, the primary elections are established in order to determine the candidate that will represent each political party in the general election. This does not mean people are kept off the general ballot, but it is hard to get on the ballot if you weren't selected in the primary. Not every position is supported in the primary. Some offices are non-partisan. Congressional offices, including the Senate, has primaries. In my state, Georgia, you have to declare a party upon voting. I can only vote in one party's primary. If I voted in the Democrat's primary and the republican primary resulted in a run-off election I can not vote in that election. Election laws vary from state to state.
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