The bladder holds and releases urine through the urethra. Urinary retention, or the inability to urinate, and urinary incontinence, a condition where a person loses control over his bladder and passes urine without intending to, are problems of the bladder. Bladder problems can be caused by several things.

Drinks and Medications

Certain drinks act as bladder stimulants and can cause a person to temporarily lose control of his bladder, leading to incontinence. Examples of these drinks are alcohol, coffee, tea and carbonated drinks. Medications, such as muscle relaxants and blood pressure drugs, can also cause temporary incontinence.

Prostate Problems

The prostate gland found in men is located below the bladder and around the urethra. Its enlargement causes obstruction in the flow of urine and may lead to both urinary retention and incontinence.

Childbirth

After having more than one vaginal childbirth, a woman may begin to experience incontinence. This is due to a weakening in the muscles required for bladder control.

Menopause

During menopause in women, estrogen levels become lower than normal. This leads to a deterioration in the lining of the bladder and the urethra.. This deterioration may cause urinary incontinence in women.

Neurological Problems

Bladder control is accomplished through a functioning nervous system that tells a person when he needs to urinate. A spinal injury or neurological disorder such as multiple sclerosis may disrupt nerve signals required for bladder control and lead to incontinence.

Source:

Mayo Clinic: Urinary Incontinence

"Fundamentals of Nursing"; Patricia A. Potter, Ph.D and Anne Griffin Perry, Ed.D.; 2009

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