ANSWERS: 2
  • There are 4 aces, so 4 out of 52, which is the same as 1 in 13.
  • 1/52 + 1/52 + 1/52 + 1/52 = 4/52 "The probability of an event is a ratio. It is equal to the expected frequency divided by the total frequency. The expected frequency is a number that is logically expected on the basis of some definition, such as the concept of a "fair" coin. The total frequency refers to the total number of possible outcomes. The value of the probability can range between 0 and 1. It reaches its lower limit when an event is never expected to occur, and reaches its upper limit when the event is always expected to occur. An illustration of probability can be found in looking at the probability of getting a head when tossing a fair coin. The expected frequency of getting a head is 1, the total frequency is 2 (1 head and 1 tail), and the probability is ½. The probability of rolling a six on one die is 1/6. The probability of drawing the ace of spades from a deck of cards is 1/52. Probabilities for more than one event can be calculated. Two simple rules apply: - The additive rule applies to "either-or" cases. The probability of drawing an ace of spades or an ace of clubs is 1/52 + 1/52, or 1/26. the restriction is that the combined events must be mutually exclusive, that is they both cannot occur at the same time. - The multiplicative rule applies to "both-and" cases. The probability of drawing an ace of spades twice in a row is 1/52 x 1/52, or 1/2704. The restriction is that the combined events must be independent, that is the occurrence of one event can have no effect on the probability of other combined events (they are causally unrelated). The additive and multiplicative rules may be applied in a complex combination or chain." Source and further information: http://academic.csuohio.edu/kneuendorf/c53102/hand8.pdf

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