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An equation is a numeric expression with an equal sign. A linear equation maps points onto the coordinate plane that can be connected. The line can be straight or curved. To qualify as a function, every x must have a unique y. Every true function passes the vertical line test, which means a vertical line passing over the function will never cross more than one point at a time. Straight lines and polynomials pass this test. A circle (x^2 + y^2 = 4) fails this test. A square root function fails this test, because the square root of 4 is plus or minus 2.
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