by 
Christa
ANSWERS: 1
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I think you could find some interesting information in this article: "Moving the Window Manager and GDI functionality to kernel mode has removed a large amount of complexity from the code. Applications can now access the GUI implementation subsystems in exactly the same way that they currently implement the "base" (non-GUI) parts of the Win32 API, such as file I/O and memory management, by making a kernel mode trap call at which time the calling thread is switched to a kernel-mode stack and all call parameters are validated before being used by the privileged subsystem. Thus, many thread and process transitions are eliminated. Still, kernel mode transitions are relatively expensive compared to direct code/data access at the same privilege level, so some of the performance tricks of the old designsuch as a more limited degree of GDI batching and caching in the user mode portion of the client's address spaceare maintained to maximize performance." Source and further information: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/archive/ntwrkstn/evaluate/featfunc/kernelwp.mspx?mfr=true
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